specially trained nurse for psychiatry, movie therapist
Pekka Lehto:
Movie Therapy
- The Using of Moving Pictures in Therapy -

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- Chapter 06 -
DIFFERENT FORMS OF MOVIE THERAPY
Last update: 1. September 2004


Tony Kaye: American History X


6.1. Active = functional movie therapy
6.2. Passive = receiving movie therapy
6.2.1. Analytic = comprehensive movie therapy
6.2.1.1. Mirror
6.2.2. Supportive movie therapy
6.2.2.1. Window
6.3. Interactive movie therapy


MOVIES AS A COMMUNICATION DEVICE

As said before: in movie therapy movies are a device. It is a device of self-relationship both to client and therapist and in therapeutic relationship between them.

In movie therapy we can use both traditional therapeutic confidential conversation contact and movies strong ability to stimulate viewers emotions, maybe that we couldn’t be able to do without movies.

Movie therapy works better with people who are not willing or who can’t express themselves verbal. I think that in therapy we have been trusting too much to power of words and at the same time we know that verbal communication is only 10 – 15 percent of our all communication.

It is important to remember that there are many experiences in human life that we can’t express verbal or words are not enough or verbal expressing would be absurd.

Positive effect in therapy is often an amount of many factors. It’s more like teamwork with many affecting factor. Mental health problems are often comprehensive problems. There are many “reasons”. And when there are many reasons then there can be many positive answers.

Just like in life, in movie therapy everything has effect on everything: in doing there are experiences, in experiences there are acts. In analytic atmosphere there is something supporting and in supporting there is something analytical comprehension. In extroversion there is introversion and on the contrary.

I use classification here to ease perceiving how we can use movie therapy.

From a perspective of doing we can divide movie therapy in two category:
- Primary active functional individual or group therapy
- Primary receiving individual or group therapy

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6.1. ACTIVE = FUNCTIONAL MOVIE THERAPY

In active functional movie therapy we use:
a) All kind of creative making of movies (manuscript, photographing, directing, acting, lighting, recording, editing, etc.);
b) Facing those emotions we have during taking apart of making movies;
c) Facing those results we have done in therapeutic way (satisfaction, disappointment, etc.)

In making process there can be a lot of therapeutic elements and important healing relationships and social elements. While making a movie we are one part of that social corporation and an important member of certain group. We can use all those same elements we use usually in group therapy. In a group we can use different kind of transferences and trans-action analytical elements. Active functional movie therapy is more like dialogue than a monologue. Active functional movie therapy is doing and sharing together something important.

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6.2. PASSIVE = RECEIVING MOVIE THERAPY

In receiving movie therapy we use:
6.2.1. Analytical, comprehensive watching of movies;
6.2.2. Supporting, encouraging watching of movies.

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6.2.1. ANALYTICAL, COMPREHENSIVE WATCHING OF MOVIES

In analytical, comprehensive watching of movies we use – if possible – cinema condition. Analytical movie therapy requires that kind of intensity we can have only in big, dark cinema with wide silver screen and minimal disturbing factors.

In analytical, comprehensive movie therapy we watch movies and afterwards go through – if necessary – those emotions we had while watching the movie. It is more important to have contact to those emotions than to talk about them after the movie.
We can return to those therapeutic experiences later.

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6.2.1.1. MIRROR

We use mirror dimension in movie therapy in analytical way when we want to know more about us and understand ourselves, our behavior and our motives better. Mirror shows us our emotional self-portrait. Mirror works in transference dimension.

In mirror dimension we can “wake up” our hidden, subconscious emotions, have better belvedere into our mind and ask those questions we maybe have not asked earlier. Why I feel like this here and now? What makes me feel like this? When I feel like this? What this is related to? What is behind this emotion? Am I using this emotion as self-defense? Is this good or bad? How I should resolve these problems? Why that feeling is touching me? What this emotion expands and what it reduces? Why this is satisfying me and that agitates me? What / why I am afraid of? Why I don’t feel safe? What I the threat behind this emotion in my real life? Why I am dreaming of this? What this satisfies in my life? If everything would be possible what would / should change in my life? What this happiness is? Where it comes from? What this means to me? How can I be happy in my life? What can I do to be happy? Etc.

We can use mirror dimension in self-care – and in fact, we are using it daily when we are watching movies. We do it subconsciously and are not so well aware of it. I think that we use more than 99,9 percent of movie therapy as self-care.

Mirror represents analytical, comprehensive, introspective dimension and deliberating causal relations.

If we think about mental health problems or self-esteem or self-knowledge from outsiders perspective we can notice that those are always very subjective phenomenons. Meaning of our problems is private and personal like sensation of pain. Proportion of our mental self-portrait is value binded. Why this dimension is so important to me?

Mirror dimension allows other people’s reality and us to touch our own: way of thinking, way of living and way of feeling. And it allows us to have a good look of that picture in our own mirror which reflects from outside. We can compare our own opinions to that picture. We can take a look into our ego from other angle, in new way and from a new point of view.

Mirror dimension allows us to take a look inside from different dimension than we have used to do.

One reason why therapy or working with our mind is often so hard to do is same what happens when we are very creative: we are so severely chafed, been exposed to sensitive, to fragile experience, we are so naked. If we want to create something new, if we want to find something new inside our mind, our ego we have to take steps on that thin ice, we need to have courage to go to unknown zone of our mind. It means defiance, crossing borders and will power and need to jump into unknown.

Often therapeutic experiences exhaust people because cutting a road through the mind is hard work.

It is very hard to flounder in the backyard or in depth of our mind, to touch something unconscious, hidden, declined or frightening. Exposing or being exposed takes and demands strength. It tears like a grater and – simultaneously – gives something very important: elixir of life, vitality, and living space.

We can use homemade movies analytic way. It is good for our self-knowledge to be able to see ourselves like other people can see, from neutral perspective like outsiders. It offers unique therapeutic possibilities. Therapist doesn’t have to describe or interpret or guess what is happening when client can see it on own eyes. We are one big step nearer objectivity and “truth”. Those meanings and values are described by client, not therapist, and it is very important aspect if we think of self-knowledge, self-examination and life handling skills. Therapist is more like a guide than a teacher, more like a coach than guardian of laws.

Mirror dimension aims at integration of ego or increase self-knowledge. In movie therapy we use especially those experiences we have during identification and projection.

Self-made videos give us good possibility to use merciless objective body-image dimension and reality perceiving and notice how we behave and react in different situations.

We can use mirror dimension both analytic and supporting.

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6.2.2. SUPPORTIVE MOVIE THERAPY

In supportive movie therapy we use a lot elements that create positive and warm attitude, harmonization and integration.
Therapist works actively with constructive and replaceable experiences and as an empathizer.

Because supportive movie therapy doesn’t need very intensive watching situation we can use television and videos. Watching situation is maybe more niggling but it also allows more social relationships, conversation and interaction like that. We can share what we see and feel and how we experience what’s happening. At its best this kind of supportive experiences can be very warm, positive and constructive in many levels. For shy or sensitive or inhibited or withdrawn people this can be very helpful way of working.

In supportive movie therapy we can use humour and even entertainment as well as more serious subjects.

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6.2.2.1. WINDOW

Window shows a view outside from us. Through a window we can see how other people live their life and solve their problems. How they think, act and react. We can have a window to alternative possibilities, visions, hope, belief, etc.

Window represents more supportive dimension than mirror. Through window we can go forward, see what maybe ahead. We can learn skills other people have. We can have better knowledge what can be in this world and how we can manage to wander alive through that dreadful jungle of life.

With positive supporting we can eliminate isolation and sinking too deep inside ones own inner world. Through window we can notice that wall is not a final obstacle, it can be possibility to something new and maybe better. Wall is just a challenge.

We can do movie therapy both indirect and direct.
In indirect movie therapy we can improve other team members or elements of criticism, self-criticism, education, job control or job description.
In direct movie therapy we do real therapy.

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6.3. INTERACTIVE MOVIE THERAPY

New technology expands movie therapy from silver screens and television sets to computers and microcircuits and game consoles.

In interactive movie therapy we can watch and create movies at same time. In many cases we have huge possibilities to use our imagination in real time.

New game consoles are so good that we can do movie therapy with them.

I have noticed that interactive movie therapy works very well especially with children and young adults. Often it works even better than any other therapy form. One secret maybe that with game consoles we can stimulate better our imagination and control and empathy. We are more totally inside that movie experience than while watching a normal movie.

Game consoles use alter egos with and through which a player can participate in action and have possibility to control it more than in cinema.

Game consoles give a player excellent possibility to develop in motor coordination and nerve coordination and facing different kind of emotions and learn more self-control. And it gives us a good way to act out in safe way.

In games we can face threat and pain of resignation.

While playing a game player goes through different emotions. Those can be very strong and symbolic. I personally noticed some years ago while I was playing Super Mario those how strong emotions I went into with that game. It was up to me if Mario was going to fall from a bridge to death. It made my heart pumping and I sweat all over. Fear of dying was so strongly present at that moment that it almost scared me.

When we play more we can handle better a game and our own emotions. Playing helps to have better self-control and to know better our own emotions. It has same kind effects like meditation. More we play better we handle those situations. It is like throwing a stone in water. First it makes big waves but then waves are getting smaller and smaller. In many cases playing helps with stress.

Playing games is good for nerve coordination, when we learn to use eyes and hands at same time. My son was born almost three months too early and in his first years he had little problem with coordinating his eyes and hands at same time. Doctor said that it helps if he picks rice from a cup to another cup. We did few times that but – to be honest – it was boring for all of us. Then I bought Nintendo 64 and few children games. My son, Jussi, was interested in playing. In the beginning he was not so good, I win almost every race with him. But after few months he started to beat me and after few years I’m a beginner on his side. He made so good results in nerve coordination that I believe we couldn’t do better with any other methods. And this is important too: being good in playing grows self-esteem and makes it easier to have and manage with friends. Playing games can be much more social happening than reading books or even watching movies.

Interactive movie therapy is good if we have problems of facing frustration or disappointment because it is so neutral. Super Mario is not going to be angry if we can’t handle the game. We can face our emotions more safe and free way while playing. And if we are angry or make mistakes we don’t do any harm to real people. For quick-tempered people or to those who have bad ability to concentrate playing games can be very helpful.

In therapy with alcoholics they have had good experiences in using those virtual small animals, Tamakochies. Keeping them “alive” help people to touch their empathy and feel the need for it.
I saw some time ago a document of long-term prisoners in USA who were training stray dogs for new families. Training dogs and feeling friendship with them helped a lot those prisoners in their human relationships too.

In therapy it is very important to have those integrate experiences. It is important to notice that I can feel something and be good enough.

It can be very helpful to practice different kind skills in therapy or in self-care but it is very important to use those skills in real life too.

Interactive movie therapy can be very helpful hired hand but maybe problematic landlord. Playing games is good thing but it is good to have moderation on that too.





- The End of Chapter Six -

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